Welcome to Groundfloor’s tenth installment of our Diversification Analysis, a bi-annual series we began in July 2017. In this series, we analyze investment outcomes from real Groundfloor investors, dating back to the company’s inception.
At time of publication, Groundfloor has just reached a significant milestone: Through July 31, 2023, we have resolved and repaid $502.3 million in LRO investments, that's over half a billion dollars. Over 3,600 distinct LROs have been repaid to a large portion of our growing investor base of over 230,000 registered accounts. On top of the $502.3 million in repayment volume, investors have received, in aggregate, $35.4 million in repaid interest, for an average rate of return of 9.77%. And total principal losses incurred by investors sum to $4.4 million, a principal loss ratio of less than 1%. In total, investors in LROs have netted over $30 million in repaid interest, net of losses, in our company’s history.
While our investor base as a whole has experienced steadily increasing cash flows, predictable returns and limited losses, this analysis looks at the actual investment outcomes for real Groundfloor investors’ portfolios, which vary in size and breadth, from highly diversified portfolios receiving dozens of LRO repayments each month to highly concentrated portfolios invested in 10 LROs or fewer. What is the range of outcomes our investors have experienced? And specifically, what is the relationship between the number of LROs held in an investor’s portfolio, and the investment results that portfolio achieves?
Groundfloor’s unique investment product, the Limited Recourse Obligation (LRO), gives investors the opportunity to hand-select from, and invest directly in, a wide range of real estate development projects made available on our platform. Additionally, thanks to the low minimum investment size of $10 per LRO, investors have the ability to spread their dollars across many different projects, rather than concentrating in just a few. This technique, diversification, is a powerful and proven method of managing a portfolio’s risk and achieving consistent and predictable returns.
As reported previously, the evidence is clear: investors who have invested in many LROs, rather than just a few, have seen their portfolios deliver more consistent and predictable returns.
The Effects of Diversification on Portfolio Returns
The relationship between diversification and portfolio returns -- and the power of diversification generally -- is represented graphically in the chart below. Every dot in the chart represents a portfolio of an actual Groundfloor investor. Along the x-axis, we see the number of repaid LROs the portfolio has delivered; along the y-axis, we see the annualized, weighted average rate of return the portfolio has achieved.
Our analysis shows that a model portfolio composed of a proportional investment made in all 3,608 LROs repaid to date would have earned an annualized net return of 9.77%. Analyzing our current outstanding LRO portfolio would similarly yield an annualized net return of 10.83%, assuming all outstanding LROs perform and deliver the contract interest rate.
As the theory of diversification predicts, portfolios invested in the largest number of LROs realized the most reliable returns. This is true even though Groundfloor investors, unlike investors in REITs or other funds, decide not only which LROs to include in their portfolios, but also how much capital to allocate to each LRO, relative to the others. The diversification enabled by the Groundfloor platform is that strong -- and Groundfloor investors are able to achieve a greater level of it than is provided by competing online REIT products.
The Effects of Diversification on Loss Ratios
The portfolio returns reported above are reported net of losses. This means losses are taken into account in calculating the return presented. Many investors want to understand not only the net rate of return, but also the level of losses they can expect when investing to get to that net return. This measure of losses is encapsulated in a useful metric called the loss ratio.
The loss ratio is the amount of principal lost expressed as a ratio to the principal invested. A loss ratio of -5.0%, for example, would mean that $50 was lost out of every $1,000 invested.
As with rates of return, the relationship between diversification and loss ratios can also be represented graphically, to powerful effect. Every red dot in the chart below represents an actual Groundfloor investor’s portfolio; along the x-axis is the number of repaid LROs a portfolio has received, and along the y-axis is the loss ratio the portfolio has experienced.
A model portfolio composed of equal investments in all 3,608 LROs repaid to date would have experienced a loss ratio of -0.86%. Just as it has been every year since Groundfloor was founded in 2013, our loss ratio continues to be less than 1%, even as more and more LROs are added to our repaid portfolio. While most LROs deliver positive returns and loss situations are rare, the occasional loss does occur, as no investment is without risk. And as the data show, it is the most diversified portfolios that provide the best insulation against those occasional losses.
Portfolio Returns and Loss Ratios for LROs Repaying Past Maturity
The powerful effects that diversification can have on portfolio returns remain valid even when looking at LROs that were repaid past maturity (i.e., LROs that were extended or in default).
As we have advised before, LROs that go into default or are granted an extension do not necessarily (or even usually) result in losses. In fact, in most cases, the borrower has made significant progress on the project, or our Asset Management team has worked on a positive resolution with the borrower to ensure full repayment. As a result, LROs that we have labeled as “default” or “extended” (i.e., those past maturity), have historically still returned 8.9% yield on average.
A model portfolio consisting only of the LROs that repaid past maturity (1,822 of them to date) would have generated an annualized net return of 8.89%, while experiencing a loss ratio of only -1.59%. Even if by some stroke of bad luck, every LRO held by a hypothetical investor repaid past the maturity date, that investor would still have experienced strong returns and limited losses, as long as they were diversified across many LROs.
Summary
As the data show, diversification is a powerful strategy for achieving steady returns and managing risk, and Groundfloor investors who have diversified their investments across as many LROs as possible have reaped the benefits, in the form of more predictable returns and better protection against losses. New investors in particular may find it beneficial to spread their dollars across many LROs rather than concentrating them in just a few. Thanks to Groundfloor’s low minimum investment size of $10 per LRO, we make it easy to do just that.
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